Understanding Haemoglobin (Hb) Analysis
Haemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. While a routine Full Blood Examination (FBE) measures the amount of haemoglobin, Haemoglobin (Hb) Analysis looks at the different types of haemoglobin present.
In my practice, I recommend Hb Analysis when there is suspicion of an inherited blood disorder, unexplained anaemia or a family history of conditions such as thalassaemia.
What Is Hb Analysis?
Hb Analysis is a specialised blood test that identifies different types of haemoglobin in your blood.
It helps detect inherited haemoglobin disorders, including:
- Thalassaemia
- Sickle cell disease
- Haemoglobin variants
- Other haemoglobinopathies
Depending on the laboratory, the analysis may be performed using haemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Why Might Your Doctor Recommend Hb Analysis?
Your doctor may recommend this test if you:
- Have persistent anaemia
- Have small red blood cells despite normal iron levels
- Have a family history of thalassaemia or sickle cell disease
- Are planning a pregnancy
- Have a partner known to carry a haemoglobin disorder
- Require further investigation after an abnormal Full Blood Examination
Can Hb Analysis Detect Thalassaemia?
Yes.
This information can also be valuable for family planning.
Does Hb Analysis Diagnose Anaemia?
Not directly.
Hb Analysis helps determine whether an inherited haemoglobin disorder is contributing to anaemia. Other causes, such as iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies or chronic illness, may require additional investigations.
Who Should Consider Hb Analysis?
Testing may be appropriate for:
- Individuals with unexplained anaemia
- Couples planning pregnancy
- People with a family history of inherited blood disorders
- Individuals from populations where thalassaemia is more common
- Patients whose routine blood tests suggest an inherited haemoglobin condition
When Should You See a Doctor?
Arrange a medical review if you:
- Experience persistent fatigue
- Have recurrent anaemia
- Have been told your red blood cells are unusually small
- Have a family history of thalassaemia or sickle cell disease
- Are considering pregnancy and wish to understand your genetic risk
Doctor's Insight
In my practice, Hb Analysis is an important investigation when inherited blood disorders are suspected. Early diagnosis not only helps explain abnormal blood test results but also provides valuable information for long-term health management and family planning. If you have a family history of haemoglobin disorders or unexplained anaemia, discussing this test with your doctor may be worthwhile.
– Dr. Teh Boon Teong
Consultant in Internal Medicine
Evercare Medical Care Centre, Penang, Malaysia.
Frequently Asked Questions
It is a specialised blood test that identifies different types of haemoglobin and helps detect inherited blood disorders.
Yes. It is one of the key investigations used to identify thalassaemia carriers and certain forms of thalassaemia.
No. An FBE measures blood cell counts, while Hb Analysis identifies different types of haemoglobin.
Individuals with unexplained anaemia, a family history of haemoglobin disorders, or couples planning pregnancy may benefit from testing.
No. Fasting is generally not required unless your doctor has requested additional blood tests.